Terms and Conditions Writing Service: No Longer a Mystery

Terms and Conditions Writing Service: No Longer a Mystery Any subsequent entry by the exact same person after the very first valid entry is received from that individual is going to be deemed invalid. As a consequence, your account was suspended. Don't act like you're writing acompare and contrast essayin that you discuss point after point. Finding all of your term papers written is not always very simple, especially whenever you have a couple of them to do and limited moment. Choosing Terms and Conditions Writing Service Is Simple Stipulations vary based on the conditions of their usage. Simplify your stipulations as much as possible. If for any reason any term cannot be relied on the rest of the terms remain binding. The stipulations of sale, say, will be different to the terms and terms of employment. Members can see the advantages related to their card level on www.nh-hotels.com. 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Essay Sociology and Religion - 1158 Words

We all have some experience with religion. Whether our parents are religious, our own religious views, or others who try and convert you to a religion, we have all come in contact with a religion. But what do sociology and religion have to do with each other? The answer to this question is that religion meets sociology in the affects that it has on an individual or society (Schaefer, Richard T, 2009, pg 323). What is a religion? A religion is defined by Richard Schaefer as a unified system of beliefs and practices that relate to what is believed to be sacred (Schaefer, Richard T, 2009, pg 323). There are many world religions, such as Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hindu, and so forth, and while all of these different religions are†¦show more content†¦This theory stats that society is structured in a way that maintains its stability (Schaefer, Richard T, 2009, pg 14) How can one use this theory to look at religion? A famous functionalist Emile Durkheim divided the world in to the sacred which holds important significance such as a cross, and the profane which is just an ordinary object that holds no significance (Stevens, William J, 2008). According to William J Stevens, while Durkheim had removed God from religion, he still felt it was a positive force that could unite a society under similar beliefs and values (Stevens, William J, 2008). Bronislaw Malinowski found that religion can perform a function of creating societal solidarity due to religion being a psychological response to the needs of society during times of anxiety (Stevens, William J, 2008). Malinowski also stated that religion can provide security when one is faced with situations that may be out of their control (Stevens, William J, 2008). Talcott Parsons added to this by stating that religion makes the values of a society legitimate (Stevens, William J, 2008). This could in turn also cause conflict amongst society which would serve as a dysfunction such as the religions in the United States creating a battle against the liberal secular movement (Schaefer, Richard T, 2009, pg 337). One could also use the conflict theory to look at Religion as well. The conflict theory isShow MoreRelatedsociology in religion1257 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿A Critical Analysis of Putnam, Robert D., and David E. Campbell. American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us. New York: Simon Schuster, 2010. Print, pp 1-246 In a renowned examination to approach religion as a sociological study, respected scholars Robert D. Putnam and David E. Campbell trek through the social history of our nation over the past few decades and the affects that have consequently—or thankfully—been left on religious institutions. While the authors explore detailed culturalRead MoreSociology and Religion1517 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Religion plays a major role in American society today. The stance that people take on their religion can affect the social and political choices that they make. Having a loving God view and relationship with him also takes place in these decisions being made. Researchers Unnever, Bartkowski and Cullen explore in their article, â€Å"God Imagery and Opposition to Abortion and Capital Punishment: A Partial Test of Religious Support for the Consistent Life Ethic†, as to whether having a closeRead More Sociology and Religion Essay example1028 Words   |  5 Pages which cause anxiety and they continue to perform their means of production as a formed unit. The power elite’s fear of being overthrown by the poor of the world is fueled with sheer determination and consistency to stay on top. In the article â€Å"Sociology and Sexuality† women and women’s sexuality is stated to be oppressed with the poor of the people and is examined through human rights, religiou s desacralization, religious sacralization, women’s human rights and social conditioning. The concern forRead MoreEssay Webers Approach to Religion and Sociology1706 Words   |  7 PagesWebers Approach to Religion and Sociology Webers general approach to sociology is known as verstehen sociology; that human action is directed by meaning and that action can only be understood by appreciating the world-view of the social actor concerned. Since religion is an important component of the social actors world-view, religious beliefs can direct social actionRead MoreThe Relationship Connecting the Sociology of Religion and World-Building1035 Words   |  5 Pagesthe study of the sociology of religion. Berger is particularly interested in the social construction of religion as perpetuated by humankind and the dichotomies of the secular and the religious. As a component of social reality, religion, according to Peter Berger, is a â€Å"dialectical phenomenon† (3). Society is a dialectic phenomenon in that it is a human product, and nothing but a human product, that yet continuously acts back upon its producer. Society is a product of man. Religion emerges out ofRead MoreEmile Durkheim s Influence On Society850 Words   |  4 Pagesattending a rabbinical school at a young age but eventually decided not to continue on that path and instead became an agnostic. He eventually went on to become a philosophy teacher and is considered to have played a pivotal roll in the rise of sociology. Durkheim believed that society shaped every aspect of human thought and behavior. He promoted the importance of society and suggests that without it things like art, family, laws and morality could not exist. He insists that although we are allRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Robert Bellahs Civil Religion Essay example1088 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Civil Religion In America by Robert H. Bellah Robert N. Bellah Civil Religion In America was written in the winter of 1967 and is copyrighted by the Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences from the issue entitled religion in America. In his writings Bellah Explains the idea and workings of Civil Religion in the United States; this chapter was written for a Dà ¦dalus conference on American Religion in May 1966. It was reprinted with commentsRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The United Kingdom After The European Union Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagesduring times when the economic status is fluctuating in the world? Therefore, this leads to my proposal: I suggest researchers conduct a study to see how people react to performance levels of the economy by turning to religion as their solution. Brief Literature Review People Seeking Religion During times when a country is economically growing, people are less likely to engage with religious affiliates or engage religious practices/traditions. Jochen Hirschile proposes that during economic growth, peopleRead MoreCritically Examine Sociological Views of Sects in Society Today (33marks)999 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Jehovah’s witnesses; the social background of sect members tends to be connected with the lower classes who may feel oppressed by the state. However, by the fact that Martin (1978) says that the term secularisation should be banned from the sociology terminology means that Sects, and other outside movements, clearly don’t have that big an effect on society, showing a critical judgement on Troeltsch, who describes sects to have many followers within the lower classes. However if this was the caseRead MoreMarx, Weber and Religion2182 Words   |  9 PagesReligion, as defined by the High Court of Australia, is ‘a complex of beliefs and practices which point to a set of values and an understanding of the meaning of existence’ (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2005) and can be studied either substantively or functionally (Berger 1974:126). Substantive studies of religion fall predominantly in the realm of theology and are more concerned with defining religious beliefs; their historical accuracy; and the existence of supernatural entities (Holmes, Hughes

Simple Japanese Phrases

This is a collection of easy Japanese phrases. Speaking Japanese shouldnt be too complicated even for beginners. Try these simple phrases whenever you have a chance. The more you practice, the better you get! The Japanese writings for each phrase are included for your reading and writing practice. If you have any questions, please  email me. For your convenience I have broken the phrases into three sections. Please scroll down to see all sections. Level 1 *  Question Words*  Ã‚  Responding*  Ã‚  Responding in  Agreement Part1*  Ã‚  Responding in  Agreement Part2*  Ã‚  Disagreement Responses*  Ã‚  Refusal*  Ã‚  Request/Command*  Ã‚  Unfavorable Responses*  Ã‚  Praising Appearance*  Ã‚  Praising Characteristics*  Ã‚  Praising Intelligence*  Ã‚  Emergency*  Ã‚  Useful Expressions*  Ã‚  Useful Adjectives*  Ã‚  Basic Verbs*  Ã‚  Useful AdverbsLevel 2 *  Greetings*  Partings*  Asking How*  Various Questions Part 1*  Various Questions Part 2*  Responding in  Agreement Part 1*  Responding in  Agreement Part 2*  Disagreement Responses*  Refusal*  Command*  Command (Dont ~)*  Encouragement*  Surprise*  Happiness*  Anger*  Sadness*  Weather*  Useful Expressions - At the Restaurant*  Useful Expressions - Shopping*  Useful Expressions - At a Party Level 3 *  Greetings*  Various Questions Part 1*  Various Questions Part 2*  Responding in Agreement*  Disagreement Responses*  Refusal*  Permissions*  Command*  Common Expressions for the Unknown*  Exclamatory Expressions*  Expressions of Disappointment*  Asking Permissions*  Happiness*  Anger*  Weather*  Useful Expressions - At the Restaurant*  Useful Expressions - Paying the Bills*  Useful Expressions - At a Party/Celebration*  Useful Expressions - At the Hotel*  Meeting a Famous Japanese Person

Abortion Is Wrong Or Right - 1575 Words

For several years there has been an ongoing debate whether abortion is wrong or right. More specifically, the issue breaks down between an ethical and legal issue. Some pro-life people argue that an abortion is morally wrong and should be illegal. Others that are pro-choice argue that an abortion is a legal and bodily right. Whether an abortion is wrong or right, each side supports different arguments. Pro-life argues that abortions are immoral for many reasons despite a woman’s bodily rights and among them is the strongest argument that an unborn child is being killed. Philosopher Patrick Lee and professor of jurisprudence Robert P. George assert that human embryos and fetuses are complete human beings and that an intentional abortion is unjust and objectively immoral (136). They assert this statement by making three points that an unborn child is a complete human being. Lee and George assert this by first stating that it is from the start distinct from any cell of the mother or of the father because it is growing in its own distinct direction and its growth is internally direct to its own survival and maturation (139). Secondly, they add that the embryo is human because it has the genetic makeup characteristic of human beings. Finally, Lee and George argue that the embryo is a complete or whole organism, though immature (139). Another idea that pro-life argues is that a pregnant woman has a duty to that unborn child to carry out gestation. For this reason, LeeShow MoreRelatedIs Abortion Right Or Wrong?924 Words   |  4 PagesCoombs Kendra Gallos English 3 Online December 8, 2014 Is Abortion Right or Wrong? Abortion, do you think it is right or wrong? When you hear the word abortion what do you think of? People, who think abortion is right, think it is right for many different reasons. Such as they believe that it is the woman’s body and feel as if they should be able to do whatever they want to with their body. Other people, people who think abortion is wrong feel as if it is murder, that if they do not want a childRead MoreIs Abortion Wrong or Right?988 Words   |  4 PagesENG 112-01   September 2, 2015   Is Abortion Wrong or  Right?   Abortion is defined as â€Å"The removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end the pregnancy† (dictionary.com). However, if only the debate over the abortion issue was as easy as the definition listed above. However, similar to most things in life, a statement or opinion is never right nor wrong, but simply left open for clarification. Those who are against abortion believe that abortion is the murder of innocent human beingsRead MoreIs Abortion Right Or Wrong?953 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout time there is always going to be controversy whether abortion is right or wrong. Some people look at abortion as killing an innocent baby but I believe it is not doing any harm being that it is not developed and every situation is different. Abortion is not only for people who do not want to care or cannot care for a child and all points must be understood before making the decision. There are some things in life that are hard to comprehend and this topic is a major e vent in life thatRead MoreAbortion : Right Or Wrong?985 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion: Right or Wrong? The famous writer Larry Barretto said, Babies are bits of stardust blown from the hand of God.† Abortion takes away a baby’s life, which begins at conception. A fetus’s heart begins to beat in just the first few weeks of the pregnancy. Women can have an abortion up to 9 weeks into the pregnancy. At nine weeks, the infant can make a fist, and the head is almost half the size of the entire body. The baby begins to have buds for baby teeth to appear. Some women still haveRead MoreIs Abortion Right Or Wrong?1116 Words   |  5 PagesIs abortion right or wrong? This is a big topic in today’s society. Abortion is always brought up whether it’s religion, politics, or just in a regular conversation. Although, the question remains; is it right or is it wrong? There are many arguments about it. There are an abundant amount of people that argue with each other over this topic. These, however, are opinion-based arguments. There are many points and articles a gainst abortion. There is also information about options for women who regretRead MoreAbortion : Is It Right Or Wrong?1924 Words   |  8 Pagesyears, abortion has become a live topic both at national and international levels, attracting great academic, legislative and judicial comments. Abortion is in many jurisdictions, a crime; though the sanctions for its violation differ. Its incidence in the world is increasing rather than decreasing. When it comes down to abortion the major question comes up, is it right or wrong to kill the unborn fetus? I agree in some cases but I strongly disagree with the idea. By the 1900’s abortions were outlawedRead MoreIs Abortion Right or Wrong?1028 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess of having an abortion has been a controversial topic for many years. Even though an abortion is legal, Americans believe abortions are only morally correct when used for medical reasons. The word â€Å"abortion† can be defined various ways depending on a person’s perspective. Abortion is defined by Oxford as â€Å"the act of giving untimely birth to offspring, premature delivery, miscarriage; the procuring of premature delivery so as to destroy offspring† (Dionisio). The National Abortion Federation definesRead More abortion: right or wrong? Essay746 Words   |  3 Pageson weather abortion is right or wrong. It often becomes a controversy. One way of arguing it is with Kerby Anderson’s â€Å"A Biblical View of Abortion.† Another is with Richard J. Hardy’s â€Å"The Right to Choose.† And lastly is Rachel’s, an anon ymous writer from msngroups.com, â€Å"Abortion the Murder of Innocence.† Each of theses controversial articles are to objectively present different view or perspectives of abortion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Kerby Anderson’s â€Å"A Biblical View of Abortion,† shows theRead MoreIs Abortion Morally Right or Wrong907 Words   |  4 PagesIs Abortion Morally Right or Wrong Kirstyn Fletcher PHI 103 Informal Logic Anthony Biduck October 26, 2011 What About it is Considered Moral or Unmoral? This subject is probably one of the top five most controversial subjects in the world today. Is it immoral to kill an unborn child? Do we have the right to choose what grows in our bodies before it becomes a citizen in America? Will God punish you for killing a person? So many questions go into this type of situation of what’s morally rightRead More Abortion - Right or Wrong? Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesRight or Wrong? In January 2002 a college freshman, Karen Hubbard, bled to death after secretly delivering her baby in a bathroom stall at her dorm. Up until that night no one knew she was pregnant, not her family or her friends. Karen was a bright respected young girl, who had everything going for her. She was co-valedictorian at her school and was now on her way to college. In the fall of 2001 Karen went off to the University of Wisconsin, with high hopes from her parents. She was

Managers responsibility - 1650 Words

Assignment 1 Man11 Mark Coughlan 19594135 The mangers most basic responsibility is to focus people toward performance of work activities to achieve desired outcomes. A manager is someone who works with and through other people by co-ordinating their work activities to accomplish organisational goals. (Robbins, Stagg, Coulter, 2003, p.10) This definition states, the fundamental responsibility of a manager, is to accomplish the organisations objectives by getting things done through people. There are however several ways of conceiving managerial responsibilities, as a manager can be viewed from many different positions. Kontz (1999:179) argue that management is the process of setting and achieving goals through the execution of four†¦show more content†¦Initially they gain the trust of sub-ordinates, - allowing people more freedom to act on instinct and make decisions. Second, leaders must clarify the direction in which people should be headed to satisfy organisational outcomes, through clear, consistent communication. This effectively helps employees feel confident in their decision making abilities. Finally it states that effective leade rs encourage others to take risks, further enabling peoples ability to think, create and make decisions. Control is verifying the actions of the organisations subordinates in accordance with the plans, instructions, and the established standards of performance. A manager should attempt to prevent problems, or to try to determine and solve them as soon as possible, if they happen to occur. Through constant control of focusing people towards work activities, the manager keeps the organisation working effectively.cofe fe As it can be seen, managers are required to be able to plan, organise, direct, and control. Goshal and Bartel (1995: 91) argue however that deviding a managers responsibility into tidy, discrete functions such as planning and organising is not relevant in todays working environment. It is argued that management is messy and continuous, particularly planning which is conceived as an ongoing process, rather than a separate bounded activity. According to Goshal and Bartel,Show MoreRelatedThe Responsibility Of Being A Project Manager1390 Words   |  6 PagesTaking on the responsibility of being a project manager can be multidimensional and very demanding but rewarding at the end. The roles of a project manager has the total responsibility for the successful planning, execution, monitoring, control and closure of a project. After a project manager take on a tasks that’s has been assigned to him/her from a client, the job is just beginning. They must first understand and have general knowledge about the task that has been put in their hand. The missionRead MoreThe Responsibility Of Being A Project Manager1391 Words   |  6 PagesTaking on the responsibility of being a project manager can be multidimensional and very demanding but rewarding at the end. The roles of a project manager has the total responsibility for the successful planning, execution, monitoring, control and closure of a project. After a project manager take on a tasks that’s has been assigned to him/her from a client, the job is just beginning. They must first understand and have general knowledge about the task that has been put in their hand. The missionRead MoreThe Responsibilities Of A Manager Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagescare. Two essential jobs in nursing care are the managers and the bedside nurses. Both of these are needed to make sure the patient will receive the best care. These roles are guided by evidence-based practice, research, and theory knowledge; howeve r, the core of nursing is based on the expected professional values that every nurse should possess. A manager of care is a very important role in nursing. A nurse manager holds a lot of responsibility. Over time, management scientists and theorists haveRead MoreResponsibilities And Responsibilities Of A Project Manager1357 Words   |  6 PagesA project manager has many responsibilities and roles in a project. For a project manager to be successful, they must first guarantee that in the project all the responsibilities are clearly set and understood by all team members. By guaranteeing that the responsibilities and roles are assigned within the project team, this will help to ensure that the project will run smooth, with everyone knowing their roles and responsibilities. By having a successful project manager it will then offer the procurementRead MoreThe General Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility That Should Be Exercised by the Managers879 Words   |  4 PagesQ3. How well did GE conform with the â€Å"General Principles of corporate Social Responsibility† set forth in the section of that title in the chapter? Here some of the General Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility that should be exercised by the managers: 1. Corporations are economics institutions run for profit. This are their main responsibility, they are oriented to the financial incentives, and not in the term that have to be able to meet the social objectives without financial incentivesRead MoreResponsibilities And Responsibilities Of General Manager1319 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 9 Positions . Responsibilities General Manager All the heads; Finance, HR, Operations, Marketing, report to her. She is responsible for communicating to them and delegating tasks according to their departments, as well as leading them. She also oversees all the administrative functions and sees to it that there is effectiveness and efficiency in the business. Finance Head HR Head Operations Head Marketing head Prepare financial or regulatory reports required by lawsRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : A Business Model And Manager s Ethical Values999 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate social responsibility is an ethics that is concerned with a company’s value towards society (Daft, 44). In the book management Daft states, CSR as essentially a concept under which companies voluntarily contribute towards making a better society and a cleaner environment. The book basically has divided CSR into four subdivisions: economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities. CSR needs a proper organizational environment to be effective and in such a scenario one can say thatRead MoreResponsibilities Of A Project Manager1728 Words   |  7 Pages Name: Naveen Kumar Gadde Professor: Ravish Goyal CSU ID: 11557932 Charles Sturt University #Responsibilities of a Project Manager? Opinion of project Manager: Giving the project to the customer within the given time and with the allotted budget. Taking the feedback from the customers for the future purposes. Maintain a clear log between the customers and the team membersRead MoreResponsibilities of a Marketing Manager686 Words   |  3 Pagesof its marketing managers. It is difficult to generalize about the precise duties and responsibilities of marketing managers. The reason being if one were to do all of the activities that fall under the rubric of marketing, theyd be a communicator, seller, planner, researcher, analyst, product developer, supply chain specialist, online experience optimizer, or in other words, every activity that involves meeting a customers need would be a responsibility of a marketing manager. A busy person indeedRead MoreThe Responsibilities Of General Manager906 Words   |  4 PagesA general manager has many responsibilities, some of these responsibilities include recognizing, upholding, and improving the means of the organization to keep it running smoothly and successfully. This is difficult for just one person to take care of all these responsibilities, thus majority of companies have multiple managers depending on the size of the organization. A general manager is typically responsible for external and internal synerg ies changing environmental factors, government laws,

Nutritional Requirement of Elderly Males †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Nutritional Requirement of Elderly Males. Answer: Introduction Nutrition plays a significant role in the development of a human being from infancy to adulthood. Consumption of a balanced diet regularly is important for maintenance of good health and well-being of the individual. Every individual requires a daily intake of carbohydrates, fat, proteins, vitamins and minerals to lead a healthy and problem free lifestyle. However, research has shown that compared to the younger generation, the adults or the elderly people require more nutrients in order to lead a healthy life. Diet and nutrition play an important role in various medical conditions (Sizer et al., 2012). These medical conditions include coronary heart disease, arthrosclerosis, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, anaemia, osteoporosis, among others (Murray Lopez, 2012). This report focuses on the nutritional intake of a group of 25 elderly males in a nursing home. They are more than seventy-five years of age. The food frequency questionnaire tool was used to determine the daily nutritional intake of the elderly males in the nursing home. This report at first focuses on the interpretation of the dietary analysis results. Then, it discusses the nutrient deficiencies and excesses. Finally, it identifies the main food sources providing the nutrients and describes the implications of nutrient deficiencies in the elderly. Some recommendations are also made on the dietary intake of the elderly males in the nursing home. Interpretation of dietary analysis results After analyzing the dietary results obtained from the elderly males, it was found that a number of nutrients were present in excess. These are carbohydrates, protein, cholesterol, sugars, sodium, vitamins like A, B6, B12, C and E. Moreover, the total calorie levels were also high. High levels of cholesterol and carbohydrates can give rise to various medical conditions in the elderly like obesity, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, among others (Perk et al., 2012). While malnutrition is a risk in the elderly, over nutrition can give rise to the above diseases which results in increased levels of mortality and morbidity. Moreover, increased levels of sugar in the diet can give rise to diabetes. High levels of sodium through increased salt intake can also give rise to hypertension in the elderly. However, nutrient deficiencies were also found in the elderly males. There was deficiency of dietary fibers, thiamin, calcium, folic acid, among others. Deficiencies in thiamin can give ris e to heart failure, cognitive impairment and peripheral neuropathy in the elderly people (Caputo et al., 2012). Moreover, deficiencies in calcium can give rise to osteoporosis, bone deformities, among other (Aaseth, Boivin Andersen, 2012). Dietary fiber intake is also very important in case of the elderly, as it prevents colon cancer, various bowel diseases, helps in mineral absorption and also helps to maintain a healthy microbial population in the gut. Moreover, deficiencies in folic acid can give rise to various neurological disorders, dementia, psychosis, depression, among others (Morris, 2012). The most important nutrients are the proteins, vitamins like A, B6, B12, C, D and folic acid. Among the minerals, calcium, zinc, iodine, iron is important. Dietary fibers are also important for maintenance of health in the elderly. Carbohydrates and fats in moderation are also important. However, certain nutrients are comparatively not important for the elderly. These include minerals like magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamins like riboflavin, niacin, vitamin E, among others. Grains, cereals are essential source of vitamins like thiamin, folic acid, niacin. Moreover, it also provides minerals like iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, among others. However, the elderly show a high level of refined grains intake. Refined grains lack minerals and vitamins essential for good health in the elderly. The elderly also showed decreased intake of green leafy vegetables as well as red or orange vegetables like tomatoes. They showed poor intake of legumes, lentils, peas, among others. They also showed increased intake of starchy vegetables like potatoes. They also show poor intake of fruits and more intakes of fruit juices. Fruit juices consist of sweeteners, which affects the health of the elderly. It increases the risk of diabetes. The elderly males also show a high intake of red meats, which are the sources of cholesterol and fats. They have a poor intake of eggs, seafoods, nuts, legumes and soy products. These are far better sources of protein for the elderly than red meats. Plant based proteins like soy proteins are much more digestible and good source of protein for the elderly (Nishinari et al., 2014). The dairy products like milk, yoghurt, cheese are a good source of calcium as well as vitamins and minerals. The elderly people need to increase their intake of milk and yoghurt; while decreasing the intake of cheese and other milk equivalents. The elderly also show a high level of sugar intake, which can result in diabetes and obesity in the elderly. Apart from these, the elderly also show high levels of oil and solid fat equivalents. Implications of nutrient deficiency or excess Cereals are very good sources of vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates. Lack of vitamins thiamin and folic acid can give rise to heart failure, cognitive impairment and peripheral neuropathy in the elderly. Folic acid is necessary for the nervous system and deficiency in folic acid increases the risk of developing Alzheimers disease in the elderly (Barnard et al., 2014). Other diseases include dementia, psychosis, depression, among others. Low levels of carbohydrates can result in low blood sugar or blood glucose levels, however, high levels of carbohydrates can give rise to diabetes and obesity. Intake of refined carbohydrates also results in vitamin and mineral deficiency. Green leafy vegetables are good source of dietary fibers and also contain various compounds that help to prevent colon cancer. They also provide iron, which can prevent anaemia in the elderly. Elderly people have an increased risk of developing colon cancer if the diet has very poor amounts of green vegetables. Re d or orange vegetables like carrots, tomatoes, red capsicums are also important and are a good source of vitamins like vitamin C (Leong Oey, 2012). Deficiency of vitamin C can give rise to scurvy which causes gum bleeding. Moreover, wound healing processes also decline. Legumes and beans prevent the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Fruits like apples, guavas are a good source of fiber. However, citrus fruits are a good source of vitamin C. Fruits help to reduce the risk of cancer development. Lower intake of fruits can give rise to cardiovascular diseases and low blood pressure in the elderly. Fruits like bananas are also a source of folic acid. Increased intake of red meat can give rise to renal and colorectal cancer (Durko Malecka-Panas, 2014). Protein deficiencies in the elderly include sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass), weight loss and loss of bone mass (Walston, 2012). Dairy-based foods are a good source of calcium and poor intake of dairy foods can give rise to calcium deficiency leading to osteoporosis, weak bones, weakness and fatigue (Compston et al., 2013). High levels of cheese intake can give rise to increased fat intake resulting in obesity as well as heart diseases. Recommendations Specific recommendations can be made to prevent dietary deficiencies as well as excesses in the elderly. Among grains, whole grain cereals should be the first choice. Various other cereals like corn, muesli can also be consumed. Reduced intake of refined flours and cereals should be kept in mind. Whole wheat breads can also be consumed. Consumption of green leafy vegetables like spinach, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbages are also recommended. Other vegetables like tomatoes, carrots, beetroots are also recommended. However, starchy vegetables like potatoes should be consumed at low amounts. Fruits like apples, bananas, guavas are good source of fibers and folic acid. Citrus fruits like oranges, peaches, pears are good source of vitamin C. Berries like strawberries, blueberries are good source of antioxidants. Sweetened fruit juices should be avoided. The elderly people are recommended to have more of poultry or fish based proteins rather than red meats. Moreover, they can also obta in their protein from sea foods and plant based products like soy. Among dairy products, milk and yoghurt are recommended. Among cheeses, ricotta cheese can be consumed compared to the other cheeses available. Alternatives like nuts, tofu, and salmon are also a good source of calcium and can be consumed apart from the dairy products. Conclusion Diet plays a very important role for maintaining the health of the elderly people. They require special care and additional requirements as compared to infants and young adults. The main nutrients required for health and well-being are carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and fats. Every nutrient is essential and its lack can result in several deficiency diseases. However, increased intake of these nutrients can also give rise to various medical conditions as well. The elderly people require high amounts of dietary fiber, protein, good fats, minerals and vitamins, among others. Dietary fibers help to prevent colon cancer, bowel diseases, among others. Protein deficiencies can give rise to sarcopenia, weak bones in the elderly. Deficiency of minerals and vitamins can give rise to cardiac diseases, neurological problems, among others. However, increased levels of carbohydrates, fats and sugars can give rise to diabetes and obesity. This report shows that the elderly males of the nursing home have high intakes of carbohydrate, protein, cholesterol. Their average energy intakes were also high. They had poor intakes of dietary fibers, fruits and vegetables. They also consumed more red meats, sweetened fruit juices, starchy vegetables like potatoes, among others. This report was concluded with recommendations on dietary intakes of the elderly males in the nursing home. Reference list Aaseth, J., Boivin, G., Andersen, O. (2012). Osteoporosis and trace elementsan overview.Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology,26(2), 149-152. Barnard, N. D., Bush, A. I., Ceccarelli, A., Cooper, J., de Jager, C. A., Erickson, K. I., Morris, M. C. (2014). Dietary and lifestyle guidelines for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.Neurobiology of Aging,35, S74-S78. Caputo, F., Vignoli, T., Leggio, L., Addolorato, G., Zoli, G., Bernardi, M. (2012). Alcohol use disorders in the elderly: a brief overview from epidemiology to treatment options.Experimental gerontology,47(6), 411-416. Compston, J., Bowring, C., Cooper, A., Cooper, C., Davies, C., Francis, R., Selby, P. (2013). Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and older men in the UK: National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) update 2013.Maturitas,75(4), 392-396. Durko, L., Malecka-Panas, E. (2014). Lifestyle modifications and colorectal cancer.Current colorectal cancer reports,10(1), 45-54. Leong, S. Y., Oey, I. (2012). Effects of processing on anthocyanins, carotenoids and vitamin C in summer fruits and vegetables.Food Chemistry,133(4), 1577-1587. Morris, M. C. (2012). Nutritional determinants of cognitive aging and dementia.Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,71(1), 1-13. Murray, C. J., Lopez, A. D. (2013). Measuring the global burden of disease.New England Journal of Medicine,369(5), 448-457. Nishinari, K., Fang, Y., Guo, S., Phillips, G. O. (2014). Soy proteins: a review on composition, aggregation and emulsification.Food Hydrocolloids,39, 301-318. Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Ã… ½., Verschuren, W. M., Deaton, C. (2012). European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012).International journal of behavioral medicine,19(4), 403-488. Sizer, F. S., Pich, L. A., Whitney, E. N., Whitney, E. (2012).Nutrition: concepts and controversies. Cengage Learning. Walston, J. D. (2012). Sarcopenia in older adults.Current opinion in rheumatology,24(6), 623.

Tensile test of aluminum and mild steel free essay sample

ABSTARCT: Tensile tests are fundamental for understanding properties of different materials, and how they will behave under load. These properties can be used for design and analysis of engineering structures, and for developing new Materials that better suit a specified use. This lab tested two materials mild steel and cast iron. The data from each test was used to determine valuable material properties such as ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and yield strength. Other calculated properties included true fracture strength, percent reduction of area, and percent elongation. These material properties were used to define the material as brittle or ductile. INTRODUCTION: Mechanical testing plays an important role in evaluating fundamental properties of engineering materials as well as in developing new materials and in controlling the quality of materials for use in design and construction. If a material is to be used as part of an engineering structure that will be subjected to a load, it is important to know that the material is strong enough and rigid enough to withstand the loads that it will experience in service. As a result engineers have developed a number of experimental techniques for mechanical testing of engineering materials subjected to tension, compression, bending or torsion loading. The most common type of test used to measure the mechanical properties of a material is the Tension Test. Tension test is widely used to provide a basic design information on the strength of materials and is an acceptance test for the specification of materials. The major parameters that describe the stress-strain curve obtained during the tension test are the tensile strength (UTS), yield strength or yield point (ÏÆ'y), elastic modulus (E), percent elongation (∆L%) and the reduction in area (RA%). Toughness, Resilience, Poisson’s ratio(ÃŽ ½ ) can also be found by the use of this testing technique. In this test, a specimen is prepared suitable for gripping into the jaws of the testing machine type that will be used. The specimen used is approximately uniform over a gage length (the length within which elongation measurements are done). Tensile specimens are machined from the material to be tested in the desired orientation and according to the standards. The cross section of the specimen is usually round, square or rectangular. For metals, a piece of sufficient thickness can be obtained so that it can be easily machined, a round specimen is commonly used. For sheet and plate stock, a flat specimen is usually employed. The change in the gage length of the sample as pulling proceeds is measured from either the change in actuator position (stroke or overall change in length) or a sensor attached to the sample (called an extensometer). A tensile load is applied to the specimen until it fractures. During the test, the load required to make a certain elongation on the material is recorded. A load elongation curve is plotted by an x-y recorder, so that the tensile behavior of the material can be obtained. An engineering stress-strain curve can be constructed from this load-elongation curve by making the required calculations. Then the mechanical parameters that we search for can be found by studying on this curve. Engineering Stress is obtained by dividing the load by the original area of the cross section of the specimen. Stress ÏÆ' = P/Ao ( Load/Initial cross-sectional area) Strain = e = ∆l/lo (Elongation/Initial gage length) Engineering stress and strain are independent of the geometry of the specimen. ELASTIC REGION: The part of the stress-strain curve up to the yielding point.Elastic deformation is recoverable. In the elastic region, stress and strain are related to each other linearly. Hooke’s Law: ÏÆ' = Ee The linearity constant E is called the elastic modulus which is specific foreach type of material. Yield Strength is the stress level at which plastic deformation starts. The beginning of first plastic deformation is called yielding. It is an important parameter in design. The stress at which plastic deformation or yielding is observed to begin depends on the sensitivity of the strain measurements. With most materials there is a gradual transition from elastic to plastic behavior, and the point at which plastic deformation begins is hard to define with precision. Various criteria for thevinitiation of yielding are used depending on the sensitivity of the strain measurements and the intended use of the data. 0,2% off-set method is a commonly used method to determine the yield stength. ÏÆ'y(0.2%) is found by drawing a parallel line to the elastic region and the point at which this line intersects with the stressstrain curve is set as the yielding point. An illustration of 0,2% off-set method is shown in the appendix part. Plastic Region: The part of the stress-strain diagram after the yielding point. At the yielding point, the plastic deformation starts. Plastic deformation is permanent. At the maximum point of the stress-strain diagram (ÏÆ' UTS), necking starts. Tensile Strength is the maximum stress that the material can support. ÏÆ'UTS = Pmax/Ao Because the tensile strength is easy to determine and is a quite reproducible property, it is useful for the purposes of specifications and for quality control of a product. Extensive empirical correlations between tensile strength and properties such as hardness and fatigue strength are often quite useful. For brittle materials, the tensile strength is a valid criterion for design. Ductility is the degree of plastic deformation that a material can withstand before fracture. A material that experiences very little or no plastic deformation upon fracture is termed brittle. In general, measurements of ductility are of interest in three ways: 1. To indicate the extent to which  a metal can be deformed without fracture in metalworking operations such as rolling and extrusion. 2. To indicate to the designer, in a general way, the ability of the metal to flow plastically before fracture. 3. To serve as an indicator of changes in impurity level or processing conditions. Ductility measurements may be specified to assess material